The purpose of this study was to investigate working memory in adults who do (AWS) and do not (AWNS) stutter using a visual N-back task. Furthermore, better expressive vocabulary skills were associated with better letter fluency performance in both groups. AWS generated fewer items on the letter fluency tasks regardless of response mode, suggesting that they have weaker lexical access abilities. Expressive Vocabulary Test scores predicted letter fluency similarly in both AWS and AWNS.ĪWS were not penalized by oral task demands. Mode did not impact letter fluency results. Group predicted letter fluency such that AWS generated fewer items on both the oral and typed letter fluency tasks. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were evaluated to determine the effects of group (AWS/AWNS), mode (oral/typed), and expressive vocabulary on letter fluency performance. Conditions were counterbalanced across participants. Adults were asked to orally produce words that began with one of two letter targets and type words that began with one of two alternate letters. This study aimed to examine lexical access and retrieval abilities of AWS in oral and typed modes.įifteen AWS and 15 well-matched AWNS completed computer-administered letter fluency tasks. However, it is unknown whether modality affects language performance by AWS in time pressure situations. Language abilities have long been thought to be weaker in adults who stutter (AWS) compared to adults who do not stutter (AWNS). Results of the current study lend further support to the notion that differences in various aspects of phonological processing, including vision-to-sound conversions, sub-vocal stimulus manipulation, and/or lexical access are compromised in adults who stutter. At the longest word length (6-letter), SRT was significantly slower for the adults who stutter than the fluent controls. Additionally, adults who stutter were significantly less accurate solving word jumble tasks at the 4-letter, 5-letter, and 6-letter lengths compared to adults who do not stutter. Each vocal response was coded for accuracy and speech reaction time (SRT).Īdults who stutter attempted to solve fewer word jumble stimuli than adults who do not stutter at the 4-letter, 5-letter, and 6-letter lengths. During the experimental task, 26 participants were asked to silently manipulate the scrambled letters to form a real word. The purpose of the present study was to extend previous research by analyzing the ability of adults who stutter to use phonological working memory in conjunction with lexical access to perform a word jumble task.įorty English words consisting of 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-letters (n = 10 per letter length category) were randomly jumbled using a web-based application.
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